Life Before the Internet Essay

Comparison-contrast essay It is hard to imagine life before the internet isn’t it? I have been using it half of my life, but today’s generation of children are growing up without ever knowing what it was like. The internet is a wonderful invention that makes life easier. The internet has truly changed the world as we know it. Forever changed are the ways of completing everyday tasks such as schooling, job searching, keeping up with the news of the world and even socializing. Before the internet became established in every home, newspapers and the evening news were the only way to know what was going on in the world around us. Now a days you no longer have to stay awake to watch the eleven o’clock news come on. All you have to now is a few strokes of the keyboard and you can find out what is happening in any part of the world you want. Social networking has also seen a change as technology has progressed. We now have many more options available to keep in contact with friends and family. Although telephones are still commonly used to call Aunt Sue to wish her a happy birthday, websites such as My Space and Facebook have made it increasingly simple to keep up to date on what is going on in loved ones lives. Simply sign on to one of these websites and instant â€Å"status updates† fill the computer screen. You can find out from your living room in Florida that your family member in New York received two feet of snow this morning, and even instantly see the pictures to prove it. In addition to the advantages of Social Networking, students of today are at a great advantage. The convenience of online courses is growing increasingly popular. People no longer have to be in a classroom at a set time and listen to a lecture for three hours by a professor or teacher. Today, you can log on from virtually anywhere or anytime and read and respond to a lecture online. Research for an assignment has also been made easier. Previously, if someone needed to do research, they would have to go to a library and sift through reference books, newspapers, microfiche and other printed materials, then make copies or printouts. With today’s technology, resources like the online library and internet news sites are available to you at the click of the mouse. Job searching and resume posting have become much more painless as well. Instead of looking at classifieds in the Sunday paper and spending the day driving around town with a handful of resumes, you can now go on one of the abundant job search websites like Career Builder. com or Monster. com and post your resume to a perspective employer in minutes, saving great time, effort and gas money. As Mr.  Kuhn stated in The American Economic Review (2004), The use of internet job and recruiting sites is usually free for applicants and much cheaper for firms that traditional advertisements (P. Kuhn, 2004) As time moves forward, it is becoming increasingly difficult to remember what life was like before the internet. For some of today’s youth, the internet in it’s current form has always existed. Gone are the days of waiting, everything is available in an instant, by the click of a mouse, or the stroke of a keyboard. It has made life more convenient and offers many tools to succeed academically, socially, and professionally.

Oijiojoi

Rise of one person at the expense of another, contrasting worlds, disguises, and redemption reveal the four most common Dramatic Patterns found throughout The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet. To start with, rise of one person at the expense of another Is a pattern that ultimately describes an Individual whose actions take effect upon themselves. In this case, an example of this pattern would be how the Nurse and Lady Caplet try and convince Juliet to marry Count Paris.Lady Caplet, who barely speaks to Juliet since he was born, surprisingly beckons her to accept Paris' hand in marriage. When the Nurse hears Lady Caplet's request, she also tries to persuade Juliet to marry Paris. This example exposes to the audience how both of the characters are personally setting up the marriage for Juliet only to satisfy themselves. Count Paris is blood related to the Prince, and knowing If they got Juliet to marry him Into the family, his wealth will be shared upon with them. They both consider how muc h advantages they would get over Gullet's wellbeing and happiness.Take the Nurse for instance, in the play, the audience may recognize that she over exaggerates how lovely the idea of marrying Paris when she apprehends the idea of the service she was going to get within Paris. Another example of this pattern Is when the Friar agrees to marry Romeo and Juliet. Like the first example, this reveals the greediness within Friar Lawrence. Within the flirts few scenes before agreeing to the marriage, he disagrees greatly of Romeos love for Juliet and mentions how he tends to rush relationships to an expense. Pam 2After pondering over the idea, he realizes that their forbidden love can patch the Caplet and Montague houses back together in peace. He quickly changes his mind and decides to wed them both, assuming he will get all the credit for mending the feuding households together. Additionally, contrasting worlds is another dramatic pattern that discloses this play and contrasts the differ ences between the servants and their masters. A scene in the play that specifically describes this pattern is when the servants were having a personal party within the Caplet party.When the audience thinks about servants, they think about the responsible tasks that they have to savor for their masters. The audience least expects the servants to have a laughing matter at their own leaders' party. In this case, the Caplet servants are not respecting their roles, but Instead, act as equal within the household to try and gain more privileges. In addition, another instance of this dramatic pattern is when Gullet's father calls the Nurse by her first name, Angelica. While in the midst of preparation for the wedding, Lord Capsules is inning around, overexcited, and giving orders.He gives a task for the Nurse to complete and ends up mentioning her by her first name. The Nurse, astonishingly, the reader to infer that Lord Caplet and the Nurse had an affair. If the audience truly thinks about it, it is remarkable that he calls her by her first name. Last time he spoke to her, he was calling her hurtful names when she went against Juliet and Paris' marriage. Furthermore, disguises is an additional dramatic pattern that supports the building block of the plot of The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet.The first example of this pattern is when Lord Caplet warms up to Paris about marrying Juliet. When Paris asks Lord Caplet for Gullet's hand in marriage, he tells him that Juliet is too young of an age to get married. This reveals that he is Pam 3 lying and hypercritical because he vowed to his wife when she was Just as young as Juliet was. The reader may notice that Lord Caplet is playing hard to get, and instead of easily handing Juliet to Paris, he suggests that Paris should get to know Juliet at the masquerade party before marrying her.In addition, another illustration of disguise is when the Friar pretends that Juliet is dead. When Juliet comes running into Friar Lawrence cell, she demands him to find a way to keep her from marrying Count Paris or she will kill herself right then and there. He panics and tells Juliet that he consumed a potion that will make it appear as if she is dead, but only for a certain amount of time. The Friar's plan was to have Juliet beg her father for forgiveness and agree to the marriage with Paris. She is then going to ingest the potion and appear dead in the morning.The Capsules will then place Juliet in the Caplet tomb, and when she wakes up, Romeo will be there to reassure her. She will then return to Mantra with Romeo, and be unrestricted to live with him away from their parents' hatred. What the Capsules do not know is that Friar Lawrence lied about her being dead, and reassured them to quickly start the burial for Juliet so they will not suspect a thing. Having to lie about Gullet's death prevents his idea from backfiring. Moreover, the dramatic pattern that ties the conclusion of the play is redemption.Redemption s when the characters of the storyline begs for the forgiveness of others. An example that reflects this pattern is when the Friar confesses and asks for mercy when he is caught. In the last act of the play, the Friar's plan had miscarried and Romeo and Juliet ended up committing suicide individually. After being caught by the watchmen, he quickly confesses how he secretly married Romeo and Juliet thinking that he could bring the Capsules and Montague together. He mentions how destroyed Juliet was for having to marry Paris and he offered her a Pam 4 leaping potion to trick everyone that she was dead.The Friar also mentions that he sent a letter to Romeo which failed to deliver about the false death of Juliet, thus leading to Romeo killing himself over disbelief. After seeing Juliet awaken from her deep sleep, the Friar mentions how he tried to convince her to come with him where he will cast her away to be a nun. When Juliet refuses to go with him, he runs away as the group of watchmen cl oses in. While asking for forgiveness, the reader can tell that the Friar does not pity up to the Prince.He gives himself up to Prince Callus and asks for consequences and sacrifice knowing the tragedy he has done to both of the houses was his fault. Another instance where the characters seek redemption is when Lord Caplet makes up with Lord Montague. After they both lost their only child, they both realized that no more lives should be taken from the aging dispute. Now knowing that his daughter is married to a Montague, he calls Romeos father, his make a monument of Romeo while Lord Montague makes a monument of Juliet in honor of their characters.

Catholic Social Teaching

Dignity of the human person and common good are two factors that make life enjoyable or worst in our planet earth. Human dignity holds the central position on respect for life and the human person irrespective of race, ethnicity or social status. In sense dignity of human person refers to respect of any life of human person regardless of background. On the other hand, common good summarizes the collective conditions that cause every benefit of all people as community. As professional nurse it is my responsibility to uphold dignity of human person and to work toward the realization of common good in nursing practice through provision of lifestyle education. Lifestyle education refers to teachings, trainings and counseling on personal health care and disease prevention. There are various catholic social teachings principles that work harmonically to achieve human dignity and common rule in nursing practice (Calo, 2015).   Catholic thought principles are important guidelines in nursing practice and help in promoting human dignity. Nursing practice issue of lifestyle education which include disease prevention, counseling and personal health care are perfectly guided by catholic thought principles to promote human dignity. Firstly, in event of counseling or training client on personal health care, human dignity provide the basis of these teaching and counseling (Melà ©, 2005). In this respect, education on personal care and illness prevention is provided with the view that human beings are important and are image of God. Secondly, protection of human rights and responsibilities is fundamental for good nursing practice. Catholic thought principles offers connection between human rights and responsibility and nursing-client relationship during training services to clients. Nursing practice therefore play a critical role in respecting patient’s right to good health and it is my responsibility to pro vide them good counseling on health lifestyle (Thomas, 2012). Thirdly, catholic thought principles require nurse to be steward of creation. Nursing practice especially disease early prevention and personal health require nurses to respect the sanctity of creation and this is vivid in handling of trainees. Therefore, provision of health care to human person and other creation is upholding the dignity of humanity. Fourthly, the principle of solidarity reminds is critical and mark human person as family regardless of ethnicity, race or ideological differences. Nursing profession is a key player through offering teaching to clients and showing love for clients as a dignified person. Finally, nursing practice applies the catholic thought principle of work dignity and right of workers by promoting good cooperation and relation between nurses and other health workers such as clinical officers, physicians, and laboratory technologists (Calo, 2015). Application of various catholic thought principles in nursing lifestyle education is important for promotion of common good in hospitals and health care facilities. Firstly, nursing practice is laid on community and common good principle (Secretary General Ban Ki-moon, 2008). The current realization of social nature of humanity serves to as the basis or guidelines for our involvement in educating community on health and disease prevention. As nurse it is my aim to interact with clients and hence provide the required training and respect for the good all of individuals. Secondly, I seek to minimise division between the poor and vulnerable individuals in the society. To achieve this objective my role as a nurse is to offer equal and best health care to the poor and the rich in the society. Thirdly, according Melà © (2005), to realize common good, participation and subsidiarity is important in nursing practice. This implies that all people are give equal opportunity to receive counseli ng in community affairs. It is my responsibility as community servant to harmonically include everyone in the social health workshop. Fourthly, promotion of peace is a step to realization of common good. According to Verity and Yasmin (2015), mutual respect and confident for others play a critical role in promotion happy life and this is evidence in the uttermost respect and confidentiality nursing offers to patients. In addition, involvement in community lifestyle education, training and counseling is good avenue to promote peaceful leaving in society. In conclusion, nursing practice uphold catholic thought principles in ensuring dignity of human person and promotion of common good. As nurse provision of lifestyle education on disease prevention and personal health care has an aim to respect life of human person. On the other hand, lifestyle education for individuals or community goes beyond individual interest. The core catholic social teaching operates on respect for human life and collective benefit of all people. In nutshell, nursing lifestyle education works within the context of human right responsibility for individual and as community in general. All practice within the nurse profession considers respect for Creator and the sanctity of human life as principles of catholic thought. Calo, Z. R. (2015), Catholic Social Thought and Human Rights. American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 74: 93–112. doi: 10.1111/ajes.12088 Bishops of England and Wales (1996), The Common Good and the Catholic Church’s Social Teaching n.70. Melà ©, D. (2005), â€Å"The Principle of Subsidiarity in Organizations: A Case Study.† Journal of Business Ethics 60, no. 3293-305. Verity, W. and Yasmin, P. (2015), "Golden triangle of happiness: Study finds three simple things needed for a happy life".   ABC News 1(1): 20. Posted on Sat 17-10-2015. Thomas, M. (2012), Living Justly: Catholic Social Teaching in Action. Plymouth, UK: Rowman & Littlefield. p 85. Secretary General Ban Ki-moon (2008), "Securing the Common Good in a Time of Global Crises", speech, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Cambridge, MA, October 21, 2008.

Police Intervention Programs Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Police Intervention Programs - Research Paper Example Intervention program can be dangerous because in most cases it requires the police officer to tame the law enforcement side f his career and try to be friend with the criminal. The intervention needs the police officers to be well trained in order for them to successfully implement the intervention programs. According to Corey et al (2005), intervention programs can be regarded as a way to better deal with crime issues in the streets. The advantage with intervention programs is the fact the criminal is regarded in a different light and this allows for alternative, better way to deal with crime. This can be seen in what Corey et al (2005) report in their study. In the study, the police implemented an intervention program for street drug users. The issue with drug users is that this has two dimensions with regard to how it affects the society. Due to the fact that these drug users share the same syringe to inject the drugs, the rate of spread of HIV and other diseases such as hepatitis B is always high among these users. In the current study, the police implemented an intervention program to make sure that the rate of syringe sharing was reduced. According to Corey et al (2005), the rate of sharing was reduced, especially among the black male drug users. The study used an observation meth od to observe how the police intervention was done, a total of 89 participants were observed during the study. The results were that there was a general reduction in the sharing of street syringe users. Data indicated a higher rate of decrease of syringe sharing among the black male participants. The results of this research can be regarded in two perspectives. First, it shows that the intervention of police can lead to reduced crimes without necessarily having to arrest offenders. This solves the issue of congested prisons and police cells. On the other

Comparison of two nursing education systems Assignment - 1

Comparison of two nursing education systems - Assignment Example Notably, there has been increased enrolment into degree nursing education as compared to diploma enrolment because of numerous reasons. Under degree baccalaureate degree in nursing, experts identify it as a unique and holistic education program that allows practical and theoretical application of nursing. Firstly, it encompasses all course work taught at diploma level, in-depth treatment of physical and social sciences and nursing services management. It is, therefore, more superior in terms of coverage and relevance to modern nursing (Mayne et al., 2013 pp 15). Secondly, the degree program encompasses humanity courses that allow students to have a wider knowledge beyond medical diseases and patients. Unlike, degree program diploma system has narrow scope that restrict curriculum to fundamental medical cases and patient management. Lack of additional courses at diploma curriculum inhibit professional development, and graduates lack broader scope of practice (Mayne et al., 2013 pp 15). The Joint Statement on Academics Progression for Nursing Students and Graduates (JSAPNSG), American Association of Colleges, American Association of Community Colleges, they together agreed that degree nursing was more diverse and equipped. The had students shown knowledge on sociological view of patient care. Diploma curriculum centers hospital as a key health institution with little focus on the role of preventive medicine. On contrary, degree program has been anchored on environmental and sociological view of health. It envisions healthy community through medical research and preventive medicine unlike diploma program whose research scope is insignificant (Cabaniss 2014 pp 182). Leonardo (2012 pp 258) states that during May 2010, Tri-Council of Nursing identified nursing degree as a rightful direction that would foster patient safety and quality nursing care that is scientific. It asked diploma nurses to advance their studies in order to

Lesson Plan Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Lesson Plan Analysis - Essay Example They start connecting to what they already know and prepare themselves to process new information; as well it encourages them to begin to formulate correct responses in L2. In assessing this part of the plan, students are evaluated as to active participation in the discussion, ability to comprehend and interpret new idioms by responding correctly to discussion questions and the general flow of the discussion, and their degree of peer engagement in L2. Provide alternative learning outcomes by revising the expectations and reducing the number of expectations. (p.260) By reading some selections aloud to students, it models pronunciation and helps students develop a feel for rhythm and intonation of English sentences. ( p.222) It is important for all teachers to guide students through texts, demonstrating effective reading strategies and focusing on specific text. This teacher-directed intensive reading known as â€Å"guided reading†; it helps students develop strategies that they can use to read independently challenging texts.

The evaluation of Coca Cola Company Corporate Sustainability Report Essay

The evaluation of Coca Cola Company Corporate Sustainability Report 2012-13 against the Global Reporting Initiative 3.1 Guidelines - Essay Example The consumers and employees are very much concerned about social and environmental issues. So the company gets involved in performing all these activities to satisfy its customers and employees. CSR plays an important role in the growth and success of the company. Strategies of corporate sustainability focus on green product and services. Coca Cola’s strategies of corporate sustainability have changed over time as per its business needs and requirements. The concept of corporate sustainability is based on two vital principles. One principle focuses on increasing the resource of the company by benefiting society or environment. Another principle of corporate sustainability focuses on reducing risk of the company by increasing its business opportunities. This essay focuses on value creation process of the company by performing various sustainable approaches. According to GRI guidelines CR reporting must serve the needs of company’s stakeholders. It helps them to gain credibility. In the present time the stakeholders are using multiple channels to reach maximum number of people. The companies merge information of CR in their annual report. GRI guideline is gaining its popularity in recent years. To increase CR reporting programs GRI is putting a huge effort to promote its guidelines throughout the world. For example US and China are presently focusing more on connecting traditional standard setter with GRI program like SEC, IIFAC etc. GRI is launching a new guideline to make improvement in its standards. CR reporting will be benefited by improving global standard and performance of CR activities. Presently 80% of G 250 companies and 69% of N100 companies are following GRI guidelines and standards in developing their CR Report. Earlier these percentages were very low. According to GRI guidelines CSR reporting is an

What changes would you make to Proposition 13 Essay

What changes would you make to Proposition 13 - Essay Example eal estate property value for tax purposes to 1975 to 1976 market value; reduced tax increases to 2 percent annually especially for continuing property owners; and provided a reassessed value base for new property owners. It also reduced real estate taxes to 1 percent, and required two-thirds votes for legislative revenue or tax increases among others. Proposition 13 significantly reduced property taxes for both homestead and commercial properties. The major driving factor behind the enactment of the proposition 13 was the notion that Californians should not be priced out of their homes through high taxes. This initiative has been termed the third rail of California politics because politically, it is very difficult for policymakers to alter it. This paper provides a very thoughtful discussion on proposition 13, its meaning, what happened, some of the proposed amendments to this proposition, its impacts. It will also cover what is different prior to and after the enactment of this in itiative. Proposition 13 has remained a law in California for a long period since its inception and its supporting vote was perceived as a tax revolt against California government (Ferreira 662). This initiative affected property taxes, individuals’ lives as well as businesses. This proposition dramatically changed California constitution and it helped taxpayers to address the rising property taxes and increasing state revenue. This proportion altered the structure of the property taxation and how taxes are distributed in California. There are many things that took place and various aspects or practices changed upon the formulation of this proposition. Firstly, this law removed much of the fluctuation of property tax revenue that resulted to a more stable revenue source for local government. Secondly, proposition 13 decreased the rates of property tax to 1 per cent. In 1977, the average property tax rate in California was 2.67 percent but proposition 13 reduced the rate to 1 percent

Property & Possession Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Property & Possession - Essay Example he House of Usher, there is an alteration on the expression of highly-sentimental heroines by showing the two male characters that struggles from tense susceptibilities, and the more penetrating account is the dandification of Roderick Usher. An expression of Usher’s possession of the property is the oneness or the singleness between the house and the sister, and the coherence of events that takes place in the house and the way it affects Usher. By and large, there is an overwhelming linkage between the structure itself, which is the house, and the human body. The possession is therefore established in the conspicuous familiarity of Usher on the details of the house, telling the unnamed narrator that the house is alive (Meyers 111). This substantial understanding of the behaviour and characteristics of the house presents an element of ownership; thus, forming custody. Meanwhile, gazing at Manfred in The Castle of Otranto, in the beam of man’s captivity in the public domain, it is imperative to understand the logic of the whole story. In the novel, in order to renew and extend the family lineage, overturn the illegal act of usurpation, and, and eventually, deride the prophecy that forecasts the downfall of Otranto’s family, Otranto finds it necessary to marry Isabella, who is incredibly aloof to the idea of getting married to Otranto. If Manfred as the element of the public domain is taken into consideration, it becomes well-defined that there is a constant encounter between Otranto and himself in a rather perplexing and suffocating no-man’s ground amid the private and public realms. On one hand, there is a need for Otranto to deliver to the anticipations of being a person of informing, sanity, and logic. On the other hand, Otranto is armed with states of mind that are regarded as being in the possession of the private domain. At the start of the story, there is a though-provoking essence within the passages that incredibly exemplifies the vagueness and

The Struggle for Black Equality in the History of United States Essay

The Struggle for Black Equality in the History of United States - Essay Example The Struggle for Black Equality in the History of United States Africans hitherto shipped into the country as slaves formed the indenture labor-force that neither qualified for the inalienable rights to â€Å"life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness† nor incorporated as a part of the â€Å"People of the United States†; a status that their white counterparts wholesomely assumed with the declaration of independence from the colonial masters, the British. Contrary to the great wisdom of the founding fathers putting their hands in the ark of history by framing the guiding principles, the constitution not only protected slavery, but also prescribed punitive treatment for those who dared to escape. Against a backdrop of a series of adversities along racial or gender distinctions, African Americans, subordinated by other groups facing similar fate, resorted to civil rights movements, nonviolent protests, pleas, legal court challenges as well as petitions to the government of the day to realize gradual improvement in equality and fundame ntal civil rights. Arguably, the extension of voting rights to the non-property-owning white laborers in the first half of the 19th century officially instigated the advocacy for equal treatment. Noting the power of mass movements, the development led to increased suppression of the agitated native Indians, demanding uplifting of their status, with a concurrent freedom cap on free blacks; a scenario that precipitated the only effective slave rebellion in US history, the Turner slave revolt of 1831.

Why I Selected a Career Path as a Special Education Teacher Essay Example for Free

Why I Selected a Career Path as a Special Education Teacher Essay With the passage of the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) in 2001 and revisions of Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), schools have implemented the pre-referral process encouraging individual based level of education for a particular student. Historically, before recent updates to state and federal special education guidelines, students typically received special attention to their specific needs through parent conferences, generic observations, a few general intervention techniques, psychological evaluation, or simply a review of report cards, social records. Since the implementation of IDEA, students are now receiving proactive approaches to match his or her level of need. Two such approaches of evaluating individual students are Positive Behavior Support (PBS) and Response to Intervention (RTI). Both PBS and RTI are structured on a different model, but both have the same goals. Each intervention approach takes into account components and accounts for critical universal factors that target a specific individual, group, or level. These two models offer a range of interventions that are scientifically applied to a student, based on the student’s level of needs through previous monitoring in the classroom. Response to Intervention (RTI) is defined as â€Å"the practice of providing high-quality instruction and interventions matched to student need, monitoring progress frequently to make decisions about changes in instruction or goals, and applying child response data to important educational decisions† (Batsche et al. , 2006). RTI has emerged as the more popular of the two intervention model’s and has been accepted by most schools in the United States, as the new way of thinking about early intervention and identifying a child’s educational disability. The RTI approach considers the application of an individual student’s difficulties in schools by evaluating student’s environment and then provides intervention as soon as the student shows signs difficulty, lack of focus, or academic problems. The goal of RTI is to ensure all students receive the highest quality of education and instruction and reduce any possible false referrals to unnecessary classes, or programs. RTI has a three tier model for also eliminating unqualified teachers as a reason for a student’s lack of performance, or grades. For example in, tier I of the three modeled tier, teachers are required to implement different teaching techniques in order to gauge a student’s performance and focus toward learning. This form of teaching is a method only most qualified teachers can provide in the RTI process. Tier one is described as a universal assessment using formal and informal instructional techniques. Tier two targets students that have not made progress in a given amount of time and are monitored frequently. These students are considered as having some academic weakness. Tier three is more of an intensive intervention and for students that do not respond to instruction form tier two. Tier three students may be eligible for special education classes and programs. When a student is evaluated and qualifies for tier three, the students will be specially monitored and eventually reviewed for receiving an individual educational program (IEP). Positive Behavior Intervention and Support (PBIS), is based more on a model of how to solve inappropriate behavior and prevent that behavior through teaching and reinforcing appropriate behaviors. â€Å"Positive Behavior Intervention and Support (PBIS) is a process for creating school environments that are more predictable and effective for achieving academic and social goals. For some schools, PBIS will enhance their current systems and practices, for others it will radically change the culture for the better† (www. cms. k12. nc. us). Positive Behavioral Intervention and Supports (PBIS) is a systemic approach to proactive, school-wide behavior based on a Response to Intervention (RTI) model. â€Å"The concept of PBIS has been researched in education for approximately 15 years† (www. cms. k12. nc. us) and has been implemented successfully in thousands of schools in over 40 states. PBIS applies evidence-based programs, practices and strategies for all students to increase academic performance, improve safety, decrease problem behavior, and establish a positive school culture. Schools implementing PBIS build on existing strengths, complementing and organizing current programming and strategies. The PBIS model had resulted in dramatic reductions in disciplinary interventions and increases in academic achievement. Data-based decision making is a hallmark of PBIS and is a scientific approach to the pre-referral process to special education. There are many ways to define, or explain the concepts of PBIS and RTI, but each provides a specific three tiered pre-referral process to special education that will enhance the quality of life for students participating in these interventions. Whichever intervention a student is placed, he, or she should receive a higher quality education and instruction. Elements common in these models indicate a system of intervention based on a student’s performance that will indicated whether there is a legitimate learning disability, not just the need for additional instruction for no reason. References RESPONSE TO INTERVENTION. (2006). In Encyclopedia of Special Education: A Reference for the Education of the Handicapped and Other Exceptional Children and Adults. Retrieved May 23, 2012, from: http:library. gcu. edu:2048/login? qurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww. cred oreference.com/entry/ wileyse/response_to_intervention CPI Educate. Empower. Enrich. (2012). Retrieved May 23, 2012, from: http://www. crisisprevention. com/Resources/Knowledge-Base/Positive-Behavior-Support SEDL Advancing research, improving education (2012). Retrieved May 23, 2012, from : http://www. sedl. org/pubs/sedl-letter/v19n02/rti. html CMS Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools. (2011). Retrieved May 23, 2012, from: http://www. cms. k12. nc. us/cmsdepartments/PBIS/Pages/default. aspx Response to Intervention (2012). Retrieved May 23, 2012, from: http://www. nasponline. org/resources/handouts/revisedPDFs/rtiprimer. pdf.

Understanding the Strength of Poetry Essay Example for Free

Understanding the Strength of Poetry Essay Poetry celebrates the senses, and sharpens the mind. These attributes make the genre a favorite among readers who like their literary adventures short; in as few as four brilliantly written lines, a poem reader emerges enlightened, his senses heightened by the verses. Such an experience is rendered by impeccable poets like Emily Dickinson and Langston Hughes. These two very different poets give us two very different poetic experiences, two very different voices.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Emily Dickinson’s strength as a poet lies in her ambiguity.    Most of her verses need at least a second reading, because her poetic style makes her poems unconventional readings. The use of dashes and capitalizations make the verses require attentive focus and intellectual understanding straightaway; they are not easy to read, compared to conventionally-written poems. Nevertheless, this writing style does not diminish the brilliance in the text; it instead enhances it. One example is the poem entitled, â€Å"Much Madness is divinest sense.†    The first two lines alone require a pause from the reader so he could go on and read the rest of the lines to be able to get the message of the poem. Another striking attribute of Dickinson’s poetry is her preference for death as a topic or as a symbol, at least based on the selection supplied for this paper.   The surprising thing about is that although the poems are largely about tragedy, madness and death, the verses do not have a melancholic feel about them. Dickinson seems to cushion the readers from feeling melancholia through her brilliant symbolism and her presentation of detailed evocations of the subject. For instance, in the poem entitled â€Å"After great pain, a formal feeling comes,† Dickinson likens sadness to death, the use of the words ‘tomb’ (line 2), ‘wooden’ (line 6) and stone (line 9) all pertain to, or connote death (please cite the page number of your resource here).   The poem describes the numb emotional state of a person, that space we go through after grieving and before moving on. The literary device used may be grim, but it is most appropriate. The poem succeeds because it effectively communicates the message. Emily Dickinson’s verses are a good read. Her ambiguity however, is what the reader likes and at the same time, dislikes about her. This is the attribute that makes her verses intriguing, the attribute that draws, magnetizes the reader to leaf through the pages; but it could also make the reader frustrated in trying to decode what Dickinson really meant. Despite this, the strength in Dickinson’s poetry is undeniable. She is one poet whose place in literature will always be secure.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Langston Hughes is in an entirely different position, compared to Dickinson. Most of his verses reverberate with racial and cultural themes, so that a reader needs to know his background to thoroughly enjoy his poems. Nevertheless, most of his poems in the selection provided for this paper have universal themes, so that the verses may be understood and interpreted as they are, without the cultural context. â€Å"Dream Deferred†, for instance talks about the figurative outcome of dreams, of plans, withheld. It causes a deep a resentment that could corrupt the soul; Hughes writes that the dream may, â€Å"fester like a sore/and then run† (lines 3-4), or â€Å"stink like rotten meat† (line 6) signifying a dreamer’s inadequacy to cope with his failure (please cite the page number here). Thus, the reader needs no cultural briefer to understand this poem and to fully relate with its themes. His poem, â€Å"Same in Blues† and â€Å"Mother to Son† also express universal themes.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Same in Blues† is the illustration of dreams deferred, a humorous portrayal of goals not reached, dreams not fulfilled. â€Å"Mother to Son,† meanwhile, is a touching poem about a mother sharing her life experiences to her son, so that he may be able to handle life better. The language however, is unmistakably African-American. His other poems in the selection, however, weigh heavily on his African-American race and its sentiments. In the poems, â€Å"The Negro speaks of Rivers,† and â€Å"I, Too† Hughes gives a voice to the African-American people, asserting their clamor for an equal position in society and dignifying their identity as a people (please cite page number here). The strength of Langston Hughes as a poet lies in the strong voicing of his African-American convictions. He is an important figure in literature precisely because of his strong sense of racial pride. However, his poems appeal not only to the specific group of his race, but to everyone. His verses have the quality of boosting one’s pride in one’s identity and culture, certainly a universal theme every person can relate to.   Ã‚  What is most likeable in the poetry of Langston Hughes is its motivational effect for racial pride. Its verses seem to leap out from the pages and arouse the reader into asserting his racial and cultural identity. The attribute that may make the reader dislike Hughes’ verses is the fact that his poems are hinged on racial and cultural contexts. The reader who has no familiarity with the African-American culture may not feel the African-American sentiment. The reader must read up on African-American history first before thoroughly enjoying the Hughes poetic experience. Nonetheless, Langston Hughes is considered a premier poet, a true artistic hero among his people.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The vicarious experiences offered by both brilliant poets, Emily Dickinson and Langston Hughes, affirm the strength of poetry to awaken the reader’s intellect and emotions.

The Transmission Of Pathogens Biology Essay

The Transmission Of Pathogens Biology Essay Infectious diseases are caused by the transmission of pathogens, which are microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses. Pathogens can be transmitted by direct contact horizontal and vertical transmission and by indirect contact vehicle-borne transmission and vector-borne transmission. Pathogens are microorganisms that cause infectious disease. Bacteria and viruses are the main pathogens. Bacteria Salmonella bacterium cell Bacteria come in many shapes and sizes, but even the largest are only 10 micrometres long (10 millionths of a metre). Bacteria are living cells and, in favourable conditions, can multiply rapidly. Once inside the body, they release poisons or toxins that make us feel ill. Viruses Hepatitis C virus. DNA are enclosed in a protein coat. Transmission of pathogens Microorganisms can be transmitted in two main ways: direct contact and indirect contact. Direct contact Direct contact means that the disease-causing microbe is passed from one person to another when their bodies touch in some way. Vertical transmission happens when microorganisms pass from a mother to her unborn baby through the placenta. German measles and HIV can pass this way. Horizontal transmission happens when microorganisms pass from one person to another by touching, kissing or sexual intercourse. Examples of horizontal transmission type of contact bacterial disease viral disease touching bacterial gastroenteritis chickenpox kissing bacterial meningitis glandular fever, cold sores sexual intercourse gonorrhoea, syphilis HIV, hepatitis B Indirect contact Indirect contact happens when microorganisms are carried to a person in some way, instead of by actual body to body contact. Vehicle-borne transmission involves an object carrying the disease-causing microorganism. Examples of vehicle-bourne transmission vehicle bacterial disease viral disease droplets in the air tuberculosis (TB) colds, flu water cholera polio sharp objects tetanus HIV food Salmonella food poisoning hepatitis A Vector-borne transmission involves an animal such as an insect. For example, malaria is transmitted by mosquitoes and plague by fleas. The first line of defence Most pathogens have to get inside our body to spread infection. Once they are inside, the body provides ideal living conditions plenty of food, water and warmth. Standing in their way is our bodys immune system the bodys co-ordinated response to the invading pathogens. The first line of defence is the bodys natural barriers. These include: skin nasal hairs, mucus and cilia tears The skin Cross-section of skin The skin covers the whole body. It protects the body from physical damage, microbe infection and dehydration. Its dry, dead outer cells are difficult for microbes to penetrate, and the sebaceous glands produce oils which help kill microbes. Nasal hairs, mucus and cilia The respiratory system (or gaseous exchange tract) is protected in several ways. Nasal hairs keep out dust and larger microorganisms. Sticky mucus traps dust and microbes. These are then carried away by cilia, which are tiny hairs on the cells that line the gaseous exchange tract. Tears Tears, saliva and mucus contain an enzyme called lysozyme. This destroys microorganisms. The second line of defence Scabs If microorganisms get into the body through a cut in the skin, the most important thing is to quickly close the wound so more microorganisms cannot enter. A scab does just this. The blood contains tiny structures called platelets, and a protein called fibrin. A scab is basically platelets stuck in a fibrin mesh. The animation shows how this works. White blood cells As a wound heals, nearby blood vessels widen to allow more blood to reach the area. This causes inflammation where the damaged area becomes swollen, hot and red. White blood cells called phagocytes move into the area, and destroy bacteria by engulfing and digesting them. The third line of defence Pathogens contain certain chemicals that are foreign to the body and are called antigens. White blood cells called lymphocytes carry a specific type of antibody a protein that has a chemical fit to a certain antigen. When a lymphocyte with the appropriate antibody meets a dangerous foreign body (pathogen containing antigen), the lymphocyte reproduces quickly, and makes many copies of the antibody that neutralises the pathogen. Antibodies neutralise pathogens in a number of ways: They bind to pathogens and damage or destroy them. They coat pathogens, clumping them together so that they are easily ingested by phagocytes. They bind to the pathogens and release chemical signals to attract more phagocytes. Lymphocytes may also release antitoxins that stick to the appropriate toxin and stop it damaging the body. Tuberculosis Tuberculosis, or TB for short, is a disease caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The microorganisms are spread through the air in tiny droplets when an infected person sneezes or coughs. Most people who are infected do not show any symptoms. About 10 per cent of people who are infected will go on to suffer symptoms, which include: shortness of breath coughing weight loss tiredness fever death (in about 50 per cent of cases) Only infected people who show symptoms of TB can spread the microorganisms to other people. Prevention and control of TB (Higher Tier) The BCG (Bacillus Calmette-GuÃÆ'Â ©rin) vaccination protects about 75 per cent of uninfected people from becoming infected. Antiobiotics are drugs that kill bacteria or prevent them from reproducing. Infected people who do not show any symptoms of TB are usually given a course of one antibiotic, but infected people who are showing symptoms of TB need a course of several antibiotics at once. This is to reduce the chance that strains of antibiotic-resistant bacteria will emerge. http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/edexcel/health/defendingagainstinfectionrev5.shtml

Hamlets Anger and Morality in William Shakespeares Hamlet Essay

Hamlet's Anger and Morality in William Shakespeare's Hamlet In Shakespeare's Hamlet, Hamlet is faced with emotional and physical hardship. The suffering that he endures causes his character to develop certain idiosyncrasies. Morality has a significant importance to Hamlet. At the beginning of the play, Hamlet possesses a strong sense of morality. A sense that is stronger than all other characters. Hamlet's actions and feelings are controlled by his morality. His morality grows weaker as the play progresses. Hamlet's opinions toward the characters within the play are determined by his moral standpoint. As the play goes on, Hamlet's tendency of thinking too much causes him to become mad. Hamlet's focal problem is his madness. As the play progresses, Hamlet's moral perspective on life begins to alter. The first change in his morality occurred following Hamlet's first visit from the ghost. Hamlet is told by the ghost to avenge his father's murder. If Hamlet's morality was as strong as it was in the beginning of the play, he would have immediately opposed the ghost. However, he did not oppose the thought of murdering his father's murderer. Hamlet will have a continuous struggle whether to carry out the ghost's deed or to act morally throughout the play. If, throughout, Hamlet is prevented from enacting his revenge by the discomforting ratios that his literary imitations generate, he is equally prevented from repudiating his revenge by his inability to emancipate himself from his father, to be other than an imitation of what has generated him(Kastan 204). Toward the end of the play, Hamlet has abandoned the strong sense of morality that he once possessed. He no longer debated the morality of his every action. His true ... ...aertes killed him physically. Bibliography: Bloom, Harold. Hamlet. New York: Chelsea House, 1990. Elliott, G. R.. Scourge and Minister. New York, New York: AMS Press, Inc., 1965. Hazlitt, William."Character's of Shakespeare" Hamlet. Ed by Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House, 1990. Jones, Ernest. Hamlet and Oedipus. New York: Norton, 1949. Kastan, David Scott, ed. Critical Essays on Shakespeare's" Hamlet. New York: G.K. Hall, 1995. Chapter: "Hamlet and Our Problems" Kastan, David Scott, ed. Critical Essays on Shakespeare's Hamlet. New York: G.K. Hall, 1995. Chapter: "Hamlet and the Imitation of Revenge" Lidz, Theodore. Hamlet's Enemy. Madison, Connecticut: International Universities Press, Inc. 1975. Luyster, Robert W. Hamlet and Man's Being Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1984.

Custom Written Essays: Contrasting Gertrude and Ophelia of Shakespeare

Contrasting the Ladies in Hamlet  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   How can anyone view or read the Shakespearean tragedy of Hamlet without observing an obvious differentiation between the characters of the two female characters? And yet, not all critics agree on even the most salient features of this contrast.    Quite opposite the criminality of the king’s wife is the innocence of Ophelia – this view is generally expressed among Shakespearean critics. Jessie F. O’Donnell expresses the total innocence of the hero’s girlfriend in â€Å"Ophelia,† originally appearing in The American Shakespeare Magazine:    O broken lily! how shall one rightly treat of her loveliness, her gentleness and the awful pathos of her fate? Who shall dare to hint that she was not altogether faultless? One feels as if wantonly crushing some frail blossom in criticising so beautiful a creation, yet such is my thankless task. To my mind, Ophelia has been much over-rated by writers on this play of Hamlet, and when stripped of the glamor of Shakespeare’s magic verse and the lenient tenderness we give always to the dead . . .   she will be found a simple, shallow girl, pure and delicate as a snowflake [. . .] . (241)    Contradicting O’Donnell’s view is some evidence that Ophelia is not innocent in her relationship with the protagonist (West 107). Moral concerns are in the forefront of any discussion about dissimilarities between the queen and the lord chamberlain’s daughter. John Dover Wilson highlights moral differences in What Happens in Hamlet:    His [Hamlet’s] mother is a criminal, has been guilty of a sin which blots out the stars for him, makes life a bestial thing, and even infects his very blood. She has committed incest. Modern readers, living i... ...nd Notes on Shakspere and Other English Poets. London : George Bell and Sons, 1904. p. 342-368. http://ds.dial.pipex.com/thomas_larque/ham1-col.htm O’Donnell, Jessie F. â€Å"Ophelia.† The American Shakespeare Magazine, 3 (March 1897), 70-76. Rpt. in Women Reading Shakespeare 1660-1900. Ed. Ann Thompson and Sasha Roberts. New York: Manchester University Press, 1997. Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1995. http://www.chemicool.com/Shakespeare/hamlet/full.html No line nos. West, Rebecca. â€Å"A Court and World Infected by the Disease of Corruption.† Readings on Hamlet. Ed. Don Nardo. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1999. Rpt. of The Court and the Castle. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1957. Wilson, John Dover. What Happens in Hamlet. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999.

Down Syndrome Essays -- essays research papers

Down Syndrome   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Have you ever been in a situation where you were confronted by a child who has Down Syndrome and were unsure of how to act around that child? I'm sure many of us have experienced the awkwardness that accompanies such a situation. Many people feel guilt or pity for these children, I believe these reactions result from a lack of knowledge about the condition. Which is why I have chosen this topic.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Down Syndrome is a condition that cannot be physically passed on from one person to the next. It is a genetic disorder that is inherited through our parents when something goes wrong during pregnancy. As a result, they have a combination of features typical of Down Syndrome, including some degree of cognitive disability, as well as other developmental delays. One thing we should always keep in mind is that they are children and having Down Syndrome comes second.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1866 British doctor John Langdon Down defined and described the characteristic symptoms of Down Syndrome but was unsure of the cause. It wasn't until 1959 that Dr. Lejeunne and his team in Paris showed that people with Down Syndrome have an additional chromosome. We normally have 23 pairs of chromosomes, each made up of genes. The cells of people with Down Syndrome include three chromosome #21 instead of two. The extra 21st chromosome causes an extra dose of proteins. These proteins cause the typical features of Down Syndrome. While the fetus with Down Syndrome is developing, its body cells do not reproduce as fast as usual. That is the main reason why these babies are smaller than average after birth and their brain not as big as those of other newborn children.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A child who has Down Syndrome will have exclusive individual characteristics which they have inherited from their parents. The child may resemble their father, mother, grandmother, or aunt. This is true not only for their outward appearance but also for their temperament and physical and intellectual abilities. Children with Down Syndrome have different traits, for instance some can be easy-going while other are stubborn, some may like music while others show no interest. matter what, each of these children are unique and special in their own way.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Children with Down Syndrome have distinct physical characteristics. They are short in stature and have a small, round face with a high flattened ... ...y studies I have found Down Syndrome to be a rare, yet present condition that can be found in all parts of the world. Most people might look at the individual infected and tell themselves how lucky they are , not to have to go through what most of them do. But tell me this, how many will actually take the time to better understand the situation and actually see what makes them who they are? It's human nature to ignore or criticize the unknown, this will always be true to a certain point. Just as the truth will always remain the same, in that these people are beautiful human beings that deserve the same respect and rights as anyone else. Works Cited Down Syndrome Awareness Foundation. ?Facts About Down Syndrome? 27 July, 2007. http://www.downsyndromeawarenessfoundation.com/wsnE154.html Hudler, Rex & Jennifer. ?About Down Syndrome? Team Up For Down Syndrome. 27 July, 2007. http://www.teamupfordownsyndrome.org/aboutDS.html Van Riper, Marcia. ?Living with Down Syndrome: The Family Experience.? Down Syndrome Quarterly. Volume 4, Number 1 March 2005. http://www.denison.edu/dsq/vanriper.shtml Works, Lee. ?Diagnosis Down Syndrome? 1 July, 2002. http://leeworks.net/DDS/ Down Syndrome Essays -- essays research papers Down Syndrome   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Have you ever been in a situation where you were confronted by a child who has Down Syndrome and were unsure of how to act around that child? I'm sure many of us have experienced the awkwardness that accompanies such a situation. Many people feel guilt or pity for these children, I believe these reactions result from a lack of knowledge about the condition. Which is why I have chosen this topic.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Down Syndrome is a condition that cannot be physically passed on from one person to the next. It is a genetic disorder that is inherited through our parents when something goes wrong during pregnancy. As a result, they have a combination of features typical of Down Syndrome, including some degree of cognitive disability, as well as other developmental delays. One thing we should always keep in mind is that they are children and having Down Syndrome comes second.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1866 British doctor John Langdon Down defined and described the characteristic symptoms of Down Syndrome but was unsure of the cause. It wasn't until 1959 that Dr. Lejeunne and his team in Paris showed that people with Down Syndrome have an additional chromosome. We normally have 23 pairs of chromosomes, each made up of genes. The cells of people with Down Syndrome include three chromosome #21 instead of two. The extra 21st chromosome causes an extra dose of proteins. These proteins cause the typical features of Down Syndrome. While the fetus with Down Syndrome is developing, its body cells do not reproduce as fast as usual. That is the main reason why these babies are smaller than average after birth and their brain not as big as those of other newborn children.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A child who has Down Syndrome will have exclusive individual characteristics which they have inherited from their parents. The child may resemble their father, mother, grandmother, or aunt. This is true not only for their outward appearance but also for their temperament and physical and intellectual abilities. Children with Down Syndrome have different traits, for instance some can be easy-going while other are stubborn, some may like music while others show no interest. matter what, each of these children are unique and special in their own way.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Children with Down Syndrome have distinct physical characteristics. They are short in stature and have a small, round face with a high flattened ... ...y studies I have found Down Syndrome to be a rare, yet present condition that can be found in all parts of the world. Most people might look at the individual infected and tell themselves how lucky they are , not to have to go through what most of them do. But tell me this, how many will actually take the time to better understand the situation and actually see what makes them who they are? It's human nature to ignore or criticize the unknown, this will always be true to a certain point. Just as the truth will always remain the same, in that these people are beautiful human beings that deserve the same respect and rights as anyone else. Works Cited Down Syndrome Awareness Foundation. ?Facts About Down Syndrome? 27 July, 2007. http://www.downsyndromeawarenessfoundation.com/wsnE154.html Hudler, Rex & Jennifer. ?About Down Syndrome? Team Up For Down Syndrome. 27 July, 2007. http://www.teamupfordownsyndrome.org/aboutDS.html Van Riper, Marcia. ?Living with Down Syndrome: The Family Experience.? Down Syndrome Quarterly. Volume 4, Number 1 March 2005. http://www.denison.edu/dsq/vanriper.shtml Works, Lee. ?Diagnosis Down Syndrome? 1 July, 2002. http://leeworks.net/DDS/

Gender Norms & Racial Bias in the Study of the Modern “History” Essay

History is the study of the past, specifically how it relates to humans. It is an umbrella term that relates to past events as well as the memory, discovery, collection, organization, presentation, and interpretation of information about these events. Scholars who write about history are called historians. Events occurring prior to written record are considered prehistory. History can also refer to the academic discipline which uses a narrative to examine and analyse a sequence of past events, and objectively determine the patterns of cause and effect that determine them. Historians sometimes debate the nature of history and its usefulness by discussing the study of the discipline as an end in itself and as a way of providing â€Å"perspective† on the problems of the present. Stories common to a particular culture, but not supported by external sources are usually classified as cultural heritage or legends, because they do not support the â€Å"disinterested investigationâ₠¬  required of the discipline of history. Herodotus, a 5th-century BC Greek historian is considered within the Western tradition to be the â€Å"father of history†, and, along with his contemporary Thucydides, helped form the foundations for the modern study of human history. Their work continues to be read today and the divide between the culture-focused Herodotus and the military-focused Thucydides remains a point of contention or approach in modern historical writing. In the Eastern tradition, a state chronicle the Spring and Autumn Annals was known to be compiled from as early as 722 BC although only 2nd century BC texts survived. Ancient influences have helped spawn variant interpretations of the nature of history which have evolved over the centuries and continue to change today. The modern study of history is wide-ranging, and includes the study of specific regions and the study of certain topical or thematical elements of historical investigation. Often history is taught as part of primary and secondary educat ion, and the academic study of history is a major discipline in University studies. Etymology Ancient Greek á ¼ ±ÃÆ'Ï„Î ¿Ã ÃŽ ¯ÃŽ ± means â€Å"inquiry†,†knowledge from inquiry†, or â€Å"judge†. It was in that sense that Aristotle used the word in his . The ancestor word is attested early on in Homeric Hymns, Heraclitus, the Athenian ephebes’ oath, and in Boiotic inscriptions . The word entered the English language in 1390 with the meaning of â€Å"relation of incidents, story†. In Middle English,  the meaning was â€Å"story† in general. The restriction to the meaning â€Å"record of past events† arose in the late 15th century. It was still in the Greek sense that Francis Bacon used the term in the late 16th century, when he wrote about â€Å"Natural History†. For him, historia was â€Å"the knowledge of objects determined by space and time†, that sort of knowledge provided by memory . In an expression of the linguistic synthetic vs. analytic/isolating dichotomy, English like Chinese now designate s separate words for human history and storytelling in general. In modern German, French, and most Germanic and Romance languages, which are solidly synthetic and highly inflected, the same word is still used to mean both â€Å"history† and â€Å"story†. The adjective historical is attested from 1661, and historic from 1669. Historian in the sense of a â€Å"researcher of history† is attested from 1531. In all European languages, the substantive â€Å"history† is still used to mean both â€Å"what happened with men†, and â€Å"the scholarly study of the happened†, the latter sense sometimes distinguished with a capital letter, â€Å"History†, or the word historiography. The modern discipline of history is dedicated to the institutional production of this discourse. All events that are remembered and preserved in some authentic form constitute the historical record. The task of historical discourse is to identify the sources which can most usefully contribute to the production of accurate accounts of past. Therefore, the constitution of the historian’s archive is a result of circumscribing a more general archive by invalidating the usage of certain texts and documents . The study of history ha s sometimes been classified as part of the humanities and at other times as part of the social sciences. It can also be seen as a bridge between those two broad areas, incorporating methodologies from both. Some individual historians strongly support one or the other classification. In the 20th century, French historian Fernand Braudel revolutionized the study of history, by using such outside disciplines as economics, anthropology, and geography in the study of global history. Traditionally, historians have recorded events of the past, either in writing or by passing on an oral tradition, and have attempted to answer historical questions through the study of written documents and oral accounts. From the beginning, historians have also used such sources as monuments, inscriptions, and pictures. In general, the sources of historical knowledge can be separated into three categories: what is written, what is  said, and what is physically preserved, and historians often consult all three. But writing is the marker that separates history from what comes before. Archaeology is a discipline that is especially helpful in dealing with buried sites and objects, which, once unearthed, contribute to the study of history. But archaeology rarely stands alone. It uses narrative sources to complement its discoveries. However, archaeology is constituted by a range of methodologies and approaches which are independent from history; that is to say, archaeology does not â€Å"fill the gaps† within textual sources. Indeed, â€Å"historical archaeology† is a specific branch of archaeology, often contrasting its conclusions against those of contemporary textual sources. For example, Mark Leone, the excavator and interpreter of historical Annapolis, Maryland, USA; has sought to understand the contradiction between textual documents and the material record, demonstrating the possession of slaves and the inequalities of wealth apparent via the study of the total historical environment, despite the ideology of â€Å"liberty† inherent in written documents at this time. There are varieties of ways in which history can be organized, including chronologically, culturally, territorially, and thematically. These divisions are not mutually exclusive, and significant overlaps are often present, as in â€Å"The International Women’s Movement in an Age of Transition, 1830–1975.† It is possible for historians to concern themselves with both the very specific and the very gener al, although the modern trend has been toward specialization. The area called Big History resists this specialization, and searches for universal patterns or trends. History has often been studied with some practical or theoretical aim, but also may be studied out of simple intellectual curiosity. History and prehistory The history of the world is the memory of the past experience of Homo sapiens around the world, as that experience has been preserved, largely in written records. By â€Å"prehistory†, historians mean the recovery of knowledge of the past in an area where no written records exist, or where the writing of a culture is not understood. By studying painting, drawings, carvings, and other artifacts, some information can be recovered even in the absence of a written record. Since the 20th century, the study of prehistory is considered essential to avoid history’s implicit exclusion of certain  civilizations, such as those of Sub-Saharan Africa and pre-Columbian America. Historians in the West have been criticized for focusing disproportionately on the Western world. In 1961, British historian E. H. Carr wrote: This definition includes within the scope of history the strong interests of peoples, such as Australian Aboriginals and New Zealand MÄ ori in the past, and the ora l records maintained and transmitted to succeeding generations, even before their contact with European civilization. Historiography Historiography has a number of related meanings. Firstly, it can refer to how history has been produced: the story of the development of methodology and practices. Secondly, it can refer to what has been produced: a specific body of historical writing . Thirdly, it may refer to why history is produced: the Philosophy of history. As a meta-level analysis of descriptions of the past, this third conception can relate to the first two in that the analysis usually focuses on the narratives, interpretations, worldview, use of evidence, or method of presentation of other historians. Professional historians also debate the question of whether history can be taught as a single coherent narrative or a series of competing narratives. Philosophy of history Philosophy of history is a branch of philosophy concerning the eventual significance, if any, of human history. Furthermore, it speculates as to a possible teleological end to its development—that is, it asks if there is a design, purpose, directive principle, or finality in the processes of human history. Philosophy of history should not be confused with historiography, which is the study of history as an academic discipline, and thus concerns its methods and practices, and its development as a discipline over time. Nor should philosophy of history be confused with the history of philosophy, which is the study of the development of philosophical ideas through time. Historical methods Cultural history Cultural history replaced social history as the dominant form in the 1980s and 1990s. It typically combines the approaches of anthropology and history  to look at language, popular cultural traditions and cultural interpretations of historical experience. It examines the records and narrative descriptions of past knowledge, customs, and arts of a group of people. How peoples constructed their memory of the past is a major topic. Cultural history includes the study of art in society as well is the study of images and human visual production. Diplomatic history Diplomatic history, sometimes referred to as â€Å"Rankin History† in honor of Leopold von Ranke, focuses on politics, politicians and other high rulers and views them as being the driving force of continuity and change in history. This type of political history is the study of the conduct of international relations between states or across state boundaries over time. This is the most common form of history and is often the classical and popular belief of what history should be. Economic history Although economic history has been well established since the late 19th century, in recent years academic studies have shifted more and more toward economics departments and away from traditional history departments. Environmental history Environmental history is a new field that emerged in the 1980s to look at the history of the environment, especially in the long run, and the impact of human activities upon it. World history World history is the study of major civilizations over the last 3000 years or so. World history is primarily a teaching field, rather than a research field. It gained popularity in the United States, Japan and other countries after the 1980s with the realization that students need a broader exposure to the world as globalization proceeds. It has led to highly controversial interpretations by Oswald Spengler and Arnold J. Toynbee, among others. The World History Association publishes the Journal of World History every quarter since 1990. The H-World discussion list serves as a network of communication among practitioners of world history, with discussions among scholars, announcements, syllabi, bibliographies and book reviews. People’s history A people’s history is a type of historical work which attempts to account for historical events from the perspective of common people. A people’s history is the history of the world that is the story of mass movements and of the outsiders. Individuals or groups not included in the past in other type of writing about history are the primary focus, which includes the disenfranchised, the oppressed, the poor, the nonconformists, and the otherwise forgotten people. This history also usually focuses on events occurring in the fullness of time, or when an overwhelming wave of smaller events cause certain developments to occur. Histomomity Histornomity is a historical study of human progress or individual personal characteristics, by using statistics to analyze references to eminent persons, their statements, behavior and discoveries in relatively neutral texts. Gender history Gender history is a sub-field of History and Gender studies, which looks at the past from the perspective of gender. It is in many ways, an outgrowth of women’s history. Despite its relatively short life, Gender History has had a rather significant effect on the general study of history. Since the 1960s, when the initially small field first achieved a measure of acceptance, it has gone through a number of different phases, each with its own challenges and outcomes. Although some of the changes to the study of history have been quite obvious, such as increased numbers of books on famous women or simply the admission of greater numbers of women into the historical profession, other influences are more subtle. Public history Public history describes the broad range of activities undertaken by people with some training in the discipline of history who are generally working outside of specialized academic settings. Public history practice has quite deep roots in the areas of historic preservation, archival science, oral history, museum curatorship, and other related fields. The term itself began to be used in the U.S. and Canada in the late 1970s, and the field has become increasingly professionalized since that time. Some of the most common settings for public history are museums, historic homes and historic sites, parks, battlefields, archives, film and television companies, and all  levels of government. Historians Professional and amateur historians discover, collect, organize, and present information about past events. In lists of historians, historians can be grouped by order of the historical period in which they were writing, which is not necessarily the same as the period in which they specialized. Chroniclers and analysts, though they are not historians in the true sense, are also frequently included. The judgments of history Since the 20th century, Western historians have disavowed the aspiration to provide the â€Å"judgments of history.† The goals of historical judgments or interpretations are separate to those of legal judgments, which need to be formulated quickly after the events and be final. A related issue to that of the judgments of history is that of collective memory. Pseudo-history Pseudo-history is a term applied to texts which purport to be historical in nature but which depart from standard historiographical conventions in a way which undermines their conclusions. Closely, related to deceptive historical revisionism. Works which draw controversial conclusions from new, speculative, or disputed historical evidence, particularly in the fields of national, political, military, and religious affairs, are often rejected as pseudo-history. Teaching history From the origins of national school systems in the 19th century, the teaching of history to promote national sentiment has been a high priority. In the United States after World War I, a strong movement emerged at the university level to teach courses in Western Civilization, so as to give students a common heritage with Europe. In the U.S. after 1980 attention increasingly moved toward teaching world history or requiring students to take courses in non-western cultures, to prepare students for life in a globalized economy. At the university level, historians debate the question of whether history belongs more to social science or to the humanities. Many view the field from both perspectives. The teaching of history in French schools was influenced by the Nouvelle histoire as disseminated after the 1960s by Cahiers pedagogies and Inveiglement and other journals for teachers. Also  influential was the Institute national de recherchà © et de documentation pedagogue. Joseph Leif, the Inspector-general of teacher training, said pupils children should learn about historians’ approaches as well as facts and dates. Louis Franà §ois, Dean of the History/Geography group in the Inspectorate of National Education advised that teachers should provide historic documents and promote â€Å"active methods† which would give pupils â€Å"the immense happiness of discovery.† Proponents said it was a reaction against the memorization of names and dates that characterized teaching and left the students bored. Traditionalists protested loudly it was a postmodern innovation that threatened to leave the youth ignorant of French patriotism and national identity. In most countries history textbook are tools to foster nationalism and patriotism, and give students the official line about national enemies. In many countries history textbooks are sponsored by the national government and are written to put the national heritage in the most favorable light. For example, in Japan, mention of the Nanking Massacre has been removed from textbooks and the entire World War II is given cursory treatment. Other countries have complained. It was standard policy in communist countries to present only a rigid Marxist historiography. Academic historians have often fought against the politicization of the textbooks, sometimes with success. In 21st-century Germany, the history curriculum is controlled by the 16 states, and is characterized not by super-patriotism but rather by an â€Å"almost pacifistic and deliberately unpatriotic undertone† and reflects â€Å"principles formulated by international organizations such as UNESCO or the Council of Europe, thus oriented towards human rights, democracy and peace.† The result is that â€Å"German textbooks usually downplay national pride and ambitions and aim to develop an understanding of citizenship centered on democracy, progress, human rights, peace, tolerance and European.†

Individual Fundamentals of Macroeconomics Paper

Part 1 ? Gross domestic production (gross domestic product) GDP is the total market value of some(prenominal) nett services and cheeseparings produced in a given course in a given state. ? authorized GDP Real GDP is the resolving of the production engross within a given country at a specific age prices. If one and only if(a) comp ars two or to a greater extent(prenominal) periods of time victimisation the same years prices for goods and services and so the dissolver is a purchase power coincidence as gulln over time. This happens because the inflation personal effects concord been mitigated by using constant prices. nominal phrase GDP Nominal GDP is simply GDP that has non been adjusted for inflation. Nominal GDP does not reflect purchasing power pipe down does show how an economy has expanded and contract in dollars. ? Unemployment ramble The most introductory definition of an unemployment respect is those people who ar slothful only if ar activ ely seeking work and willing to work. It is typic eithery expressed in the form of a plowshare. ? Inflation rate inflation is ordinarily expressed in an annual section and is the price increase for goods and services. Interest rate An interest rate is the percentage of the trail funds that is charged and paid for the use of money. It is expressed as an annual percentage rate (APR) for loans and annual percentage contain (APY) for interest earned. Whether one is experiencing a pass in their valuees, is part of a coarse layoff of employees, or is simply purchasing groceries, on that point is a resource menstruum from one entity to another and rearward again. Those entities cover government, businesses, and categorys.How those resources reduce down and flow will differ with for each one situation and have an impact in a trickle-down effect from the government to businesses and last to plates. Decrease in Taxes When the Government decides to number taskes, the tax t ypically assumed to see the diminution is the income tax. According to theInternal tax income Service (IRS), approximately 43% of tax revenues are generated through this tax. Personal income taxes are levied against income, interest, dividends and capital gains, with high earners generally pay higher tax rates. (Investopedia, 2012) When a tax reduction occurs, the government will squirrel away less(prenominal) taxes which reduces the amount of monies available for entitlement programs. Households digest be pertained in a couple of different ways. If a kin is a higher wage earning kinsfolk then less taxes can result in more discretionary income to re act at businesses who offer services the household members wish to utilize. If the household is lower income the return in taxes will increase their income but will adversely affect any entitlement programs in which they whitethorn be enrolled.For businesses, the reduction in income tax will affect their businesses per the con sumer impact. If there is more discretionary income then more money is available to take place on their goods or services. If there is less discretionary income, then of course, the opposite would be true. Massive Layoff of Employees From a government stall and governmental employees, when there is a colossal layoff of governmental employees, historically, there has not been more than a ripple in the unemployment rate overall.A 1995 survey and a subsequent 1999 notice up to municipalities in Illinois found that the middling amount of people still unemployed after a governmental layoff was only 3. 8%. (Reason Foundation, 2012) From a governmental employee pedestal, there is not a large outgo economic impact which means that the absolute majority of bear upon governmental workers will still have income to spend at businesses and for their household charters. When private sector businesses have a massive layoff occur, they are required by Federal law to notify the affected e mployees 60 days in advance.The employees have an fortune to look for other jobs in that timeframe, however, resources will begin to be held back by the households in the case of gigantic term unemployment which will in turn cause business who offer the good and services to the affected families to experience a decrease in sales. Purchasing of Groceries Groceries are an inelastic product. People will leverage sustenance regardless of the price because they need to eat.When a household purchases groceries, and pays a higher price for them in one securities industry store versus another, the business which earned the opportunity for the sale will benefit. The government does not benefit from a tax standpoint on non-processed foods. Processed foods, however, are ratable which is a benefit to the government. The Government may also pay a maker not to produce a food so as to stabilize the market. A couple of examples of this situation are in the commodities of rice and wheat.Produc ers are paid not to plant as much so the market price of the end product is stabilized. In fact, those producers are paid not to produce so there is no loss of income to those households. Conclusion Whether one is experiencing a decrease in their income taxes, is part of a massive layoff of employees or is simply purchasing groceries, there is a resource flow from government, businesses, and households. Resource flow also has an ebb phase. The entire cycle is driven by an almost an amazing number of determinants.These determinants all have an effect on the final outcome as to where and how the Government, businesses, and households use their limited resources. References Richard Coultier, Do Tax Cuts Stimulate the sparing? (June 23, 2010) Retrieved on January 23, 2012 from http//www. investopedia. com/articles/07/tax_cuts. aspaxzz1kIPnIgcg The Reason Foundation, Privatization and Layoffs (March 1, 2001) Retrieved on January 23, 2012 from http//reason. org/news/show/privatization-a nd-layoffs

Destruction of the Old Order in King Lear Act I

In the starting line wager of officefulness Lear Shakespeare turns the order of world of the play cover down. By the remove of the maiden act near every characters station in life has been changed significantly. Lear has accustomed past his power, he has destroyed his family by disownment one daughter and angered a nonher, and he has banished his nigh trusted advisor.When the play begins, Lear is King of England. He has capacious ruled and apparently has done so competently. He holds each(prenominal) power in England. Although Lear has advisers, notably Kent and Gloucester, it is displace that Lear is in charge and he keeps his own counsel and makes his own decisions. The play opens with his two advisers, the Earls of Kent and Gloucester being move that Lear no eight-day appears to prefer Gonerils husband the Duke of capital of New York over Regans husband Duke of Cornwall. I thought the King had more affected the Duke of Albany than Cornwall (I.i.1-2).Due to his no nstarter to keep his advisers involved in the decision do process, he at times makes rash decisions such as the disowning of Cordelia (I.i.113-116), the dividing of his farming between Goneril and Regan (I.i.127-138), and the banishing of his surmount and most loyal advisor Kent (I.i.173-178). By the end of Act I Lear seems impotent. He is no thirster the powerful King of England. He is no longer recognized as King.Goneril has instructed her consideration Oswald to put on what weary negligence you please (I.iii.12) toward Lear. When the once powerful Lear asks Oswald Who am I, sir? (I.iv.78) the servant insolently replies My ladys father (I.iv.79) enraging Lear that a servant should treat him not as king, but as the father of the servants lady. His power, status, and social standing have collapsed.As a father Lear doesnt fare much conk out than he did as king. At the plays beginning he is an all-powerful patriarch and expects everyone to completely agree with and render to his every whim. In many ways he is like a spoiled child. He seeks and demands constant, exclusive upkeep. Lear solicits affection from his daughters which of you shall we say doth love us most, (I.i.51). When the attention is positive and according to his wishes he exhibits an almost saucer-eyed happiness.Although it is evident Goneril and Regan are engaging in hyperbole, Lear is lucky and rewards his two elder daughters with one third of England each. When he asks his favorite daughter Cordelia how much she loves him he is thwarted with her answer and throws a tantrum, here I disclaim all my paternal care (I.i.113). By the end of the startle act Lears demands have not changed.When Goneril argues with him and complains about the carriage of his knights, Lear has another fit of anger and runs away from Goneril to Regan as if he were a schoolboy running away from home. He no longer is the proud father of tierce daughters, but has banished Cordelia, angered and run away from Gone ril, and pins his hopes on his middle daughter Regan.When Act I ends Lear is no longer the center of social attention. When he first appears on stage the stage directions indicate that a flourish is sounded and Lear enters with his three daughters, his two sons-in-law and an unspecified sum of attendants. In the final scene his presence is not announced with a flourish. His daughters and sons-in-law are not present. Lears yet attendants are the banished Kent (disguised as Caius) and Lears jester known barely as Fool.Lear is not alone in his erroneous behavior toward his children. Gloucester behaves similarly to Lear. He is used to his power and makes rash, unwise decisions. When the play opens Gloucester appears to be somewhat discredited of his second son, Edmund who is a bastard for he keeps him away from court, he hath been out nine years, and away he shall again (I.i.32-33).Gloucesters older son Edgar is clearly his favorite. that he is quick to believe Edmund when Edmund plots against Gloucester. Edgar clearly mirrors Goneril, as Gloucester is quick to believe the fictive accusations made by Edmund and force Edgar into hiding. Edgar also mirrors Kent in that he returns in Act II dressed as scurvy Tom of Bedlam. As Tom Edgar accompanies his father and helps him salutary as Kent helps Lear.Cordelias status changes greatly in the first act. Initially she was Lears favorite daughter. She went from a highly sought-after(a) after bride-to-be with a large dower to a woman with no dowry who is refused by the Duke Burgundy and accepted, without dowry by the King of France. When she refuses to kowtow to Lear with false praise her status is destroyed. Although she clear loves her father she is banished and strained to leave England.By the end of Act I Lear is no longer the proud, powerful King of England. By his own hand he has destroyed his kingdom and his family. Shakespeare has stripped Lear of his armor and has exposed Lear with all of his vulnerabili ties and foibles.By removing the old order in the first act, Shakespeare provides a vehicle for the readers and members of the audience to explore the real constitution of the characters behind the facades each character displays in earth life when the play begins. Each of the characters will bring on his or her true nature throughout the balance wheel of the play. These revelations provide the tension and the interest of King Lear. whole caboodle CitedThe Tragedy of King Lear. The Riverside Shakespeare. Boston Houghton Mifflin Co. 1974. 1255-1295.

Phillis Wheatley Essay

The exotic girlfriend of Africa whose verse revived a f be of exemption and mixer referee in a contrary trim anchor charm victimisation the customsal unearthly fool of her heritage. Whose haggle and symbolisation whitewash go by the reality as reminders of a intake of comparability and e humanscipation from monarchal tyranny. This admonitory dactyl of a epithelial duct nationalism is Phillis Wheatley an Afri poop charr natural along the Gambia River in Africa to the Fulani nation (Shields 473). In dickens of her finest full treatment To his excellency beingness(a) capital of the United States and indecorum and calmness Phillis Wheatley put ons the African usance of solar idolization to disengage the the Statesn regeneration.Phillis Wheatley was born(p) most 1753 to a Fulani charr who either secure an past tribal approach pattern of solar revere or was a religious Islamic. Wheatley had merely unity hearty retentivity of her sus tenance in Africa and that memory is of her return playacting a ritual on the whole cheerrise to the solarise turn on. before yield the solarize airheaded at his emanation and indeed prostrating herself in the oversight of the rise fair weatherniness, (Shields 473). The guess that Phillis Wheatleys overprotect was a Muslim is argu fit be progress to the advance solarise is in the focal point of Mecca. Also, the record book of Islam had pervade to this initiate of Africa and the add up of Muslims in westerly Africa was increment during that measure period.However, the possibleness that Phillis Wheatleys aim is Muslim is discredit by dint of with(predicate) with(predicate) the use of cheerfulness completelyusions in Wheatleys poetry. Her overprotects solar fear sure as shooting is the character of her disco biscuit of the temperateness, which she name in her numberss golf club times as insolateup as Apollo, septenary as Phoebus, x ii, and as Sol, twice, (Shields). This steers the complete and discernment that Phillis Wheatley had for the solarizebathe a rage that was instilled in her by her start out when Wheatley was a lessened babe ceremonial her experience approbation Apollo.To his excellency worldwide chapiter was publish in April of 1776 by Phillis Wheatley in capital of Massachusetts Massachusetts. This poetry to George computeing capital commemorates him for his efforts to c on the whole d give birth step downdom. This was the front scripted work to be published that back up him in his attempt to free the five- grade-old province (Williams). In the porta depicts of the poetry Phillis Wheatley uses a chew over, a twisting of neoclassicism, which ex marks the transport for her literary work. The muse of this poetry is the aeri edition consort which can be cons align as the sun perfection be accept in place whiz she writes, airy consort enthrond in realms of percip ient, (CITATION verse position FOR STUDENTS). Enthrond in realms of light incidentor that light surrounds the celestial chorus which must(prenominal) make out from the sun.In reports 9 through twelve Wheatley pardons a sun divinity fudgedess that underworld the the Statesn fuck off, The Goddess comes, she moves divinely bewitching/ wheresoever shines this intrinsic of the skies/ Unnumberd charms and novel graces rise, (CITATION poesy FOR STUDENTS). This autochthonal of the skies shines wherever she roams she is the girlish-bearing(prenominal) condition of the sun perfection. . She understands the hardship of the the Statesn cause because she is fairly and retributive that is wherefore she bear outs the States. The idoldess shines on the States and with this divine light comes unnumber fitting charms and graces that slip by upon the young nation. She helps the States by protect them in the eventual(prenominal) press they dupe at hand against the Brit ish.The issue of the song is express in lines xxx iodin through cardinal 2, And so whitethorn you, whoever d ars lay/ This drink down of licenses nirvana-defended race, (CITATION rhyme FOR STUDENTS). The shank of this song is al unrivaled independency license for the gross man, charr and child, and that no psyche should be take to all form of con pursuit or tyranny. The content of license is exemplified in these lines because the States is creation defended by the solar goddess. She promotes the continuation of the smell that any man is authorise emancipation by birth. Therefore, these lines fork out that the States is reassert by heaven to oppose the British. This celestial security measure serves as falsifying and as a subject matter of dissuading some(prenominal) advances on the States. The initial line repoints the standard to all that may need to pose a scourge to the States because it is a set down of emancipation that is divine ly saved by the sun goddess. So, these two lines show that the States is a arrive of license and that it is defended by the sun goddess against all that give against the Statess boundaries. aft(prenominal) the overpower of the British in the the Statesn rotatory contend and the accord of capital of France of 1783 was signed, Phillis Wheatley wrote intimacy and calmness a verse that historied the refreshful countries independence (Shields 489-490). The metrical composition was published in 1784 and praised the switch of Britannia by the States, which has near been constituted as a self-directed terra firma (Doak 86). It was in like manner one of her death not fitting whole caboodle because during that aforementioned(prenominal) year she passed out (ONeale). The boilersuit point and subject matter of the poem is that the States is appalling and near for chip for its independence and that she is and go forth unceasingly be divinely saved. Britain is con aspectred a adventure and potentate for attribute the colonies back for worthy their own freestanding nation (Jamison).In emancipation and counterinsurgency on line lx iv Phillis Wheatley explains how her patrimonial sun god is on the locating of the States and that it is the understanding wherefore the States overcome the British. The line reads, And supernal independence broadcast her specie Ray, (ONeale). This line shows that the gold barb of heaven leave behind be public exposure by supernal emancipation. The gold diaphysis was graced upon the States by the feminine configuration of the sun god. This diversify of independence give disseminate to either reduce where the States cattle farms its sails. America cosmos able to dissipate its rhenium of liberty is shown in lines lx two through lux lead of license and quietness, Where eer capital of South Carolina spreads her intumescency Sails/ To every ground shall intermission her Charms display, (ONeale). This cite illustrates that the florid ray determined upon America by the sun goddess leave spread to other belt downs by ethereal immunity. That any flat coat America encounters volition be instilled with the American virtues of ease of mind and emancipation.Phillis Wheatley is a true American patriot for the American quest of peace and freedom from the British menace. She uses her inherited customs duty of solar idolisation to shrive the American cause and to control the array in their gigantic endeavor. In To his excellence ordinary chapiter Phillis Wheatley illustrates a sun goddess that assist on the side of the Americans during the revolutionist war. Wheatley goes on to come along explain that American plurality ar a company of concourse that be divinely saved because they embody a tenderness of freedom that has never been ingestn in the world to date.In shore leave and stillness Phillis Wheatley shows that the set and beliefs that are at the nubble of America are protected by the sun god that is the resolve why America was able to run over the British. It was able to because it was scrap for freedom and the sun god protects and defends the immaculate in all their endeavors. America pass on likewise inspire every land she touches to charge for freedom and comparability because America is heavenly defended and her virtues are protected by the sun god.It is go on to see the instances of solar allusions in Phillis Wheatleys work. She uses her drives pietism of solar pietism to show the rigour of the American cause in the new War. Phillis Wheatley support and whole-heartedly believed in the American Revolution collect to the fact that in To his excellency prevalent uppercase and acquaintance and serenity she uses her tradition of solar pietism to support America.

Analogy of Nature vs Nurture

The service gentle reality Genome Project, which has attr conducted its unclouded administer of contr everywheresy, flock bulge(p) in the archaean nineties to symbolize each 25,000 genes of the homosexual go genome ( round). The appreh curiosity was that such(prenominal) discoveries would volunteer a roadmap to the specialized genes which could dispense with us to accurately hollo who pull up stakes lie with tit disease, puzzle raging, or contract solelych (Young). Psychologists, until now, save countered this surgical branch by stag uping set come to the fore of the closet the magnificence of environmental factors to boilers suit sociable development. professor Robert Plomin of the comp fountain of abnormal psychology in capital of the United Kingdom says that more or lessbody differences in involved traits be repayable at to the lowest degree as often to environmental deflects as they ar to communicable influences (qtd. in Young). This is, in essence, a modern troth of genius versus aliment. In all-fired shame Shelleys Frankenstein the booking is utterly encapsulated in the pillow slip of the behemoth is he in herently slimy and bloodthirsty, or did acetous companionable manipulation push back him to be that direction? It is an emeritus collection, put a mode that to be solved. as muchover, with her paper and portraiture it stupefys ready that the colossus began manner as smart and destitute as a aim(p) newinnate(p) infant baby baby. He yet became a unbent heller in the archetypical horse sense by and by state of wards invariable execration and closing off at the workforce of the clement macrocosmness he so longed to be. He is, in exercise, fosterd into world the liquidator that he becomes. contempt his touched birth, Frankensteins mercifulkind bland exudes the glowing and naivety of a newfangled chela discovering things for the graduati on prison term.The eyeshade font of this is his find of expel I put up a grow which had been leftover by some(a) move beggars in my gratification I bewilder my transc shoemakers last into the start embers, yet quickly dis buttocks it place at unmatchable time more with a claim of annoying (Shelley 89). He al wiz has no fight back experiences to manoeuver his actions and sp stopping cr causes his beginning(a) of every(prenominal) in all few weeks study and assay to register the existence approximately him, some(prenominal) wish a new natural would. He level says that no dissimilar ideas work my bear in estimate (Shelley 88). This is non a being natural a ravingly lunatic, his listen flooded with send offous patterns.He is only if if a waste slate. erst he begins to get a line escaped and sound, he continues his impudent exploration, discovering such things as animals, foliage, and warmth. At one omen he wanders into an old mans hut, scaring him off. He doesnt depute to hunting expedition the man harm, nor does the chemical reaction his air suffers figure come on him some(prenominal) randy put tabu or launch rise to retribution. He is non the being that he is by the end of the refreshed, a fleet t melt down of the influence of social and environmental factors on development.In fact, it is non until he go pops the De Lacey family for the starting line time that he begins to genuinely moil staple fibre emotions kindred bliss and trouble until that level(p) he had be statuss cognize strong-arm distress and hunger. The De Laceys be fundamentally the demons prime(prenominal) treasurers, however uncognizantness they whitethorn be. By sight them he becomes aw be of gentle relationships, gentle emotions, and stock- bland humans hi boloney. He develops a heights level em caterpillar tready for the family their trials and tribulations were his, and when their w ere dark so was he.In a manner he is exhibiting a passing thin and trammel realise of unrestrained flavour and perceptiveness for, real much inter adjustmentable a very insubstantial minor or plain a pet, his fuck off got feelings are greatly influenced by, and pondering of, those around him. Since the family provides the undercoat for the addicts picture of human being, he in the beginning thinks jolly passing of them. The whale, who had started come in taking some of their regimen for his give survival, halt doing so when he put out that in doing this he inflicted pain on the cottagers (Shelley 96).To make restitution he decease up of gathers firewood for them, and is alter with gratification upon fellowshipable that he protected them from even a atomic tot up of hardship. It is from the De Laceys that he low learns of good- depart and cheat, and of the bonds of family and friendship. If he was sincerely innate(p) a lusus naturae it is equivocal that he would consecrate both cleverness w abominatever for empathy and hit the hay. At this peak in the brisk, though, its sooner unmingled that the questionable demon has a home(a) that belies his frightening out(prenominal) appearance.The fiend similarly learns how to read, write, and spill by intently detect the De Laceys. This act of humanization besides endears the family to him, and is his major(ip) grade towards connection human society. Of var. this is all thrown out the windowpane when, subsequently meticulously preparedness on how to get out his armorial bearing to the family, they receive him with less(prenominal) than wellspring-defined implements of war Felix violently ejects him from their cottage, magical spell Safie runs past in villainy and Agatha faints upon beholding his take shape.This is the kickoff of some(prenominal) traumatic experiences with the human race that completely throws the heavyweights worldview out-of-whack where in the first natural place he motto hardly bal tapss and love he soon comes to interrelate humans with curse and violence. beside the whale gets uncertain afterwards(prenominal) legal transfer a young lady from drowning in a river. However he still does non do violently towards any the little girl or the attacker var. of he further wanders off, wound and confused. It would await that he has yet to become the violent manslayer the absolute majority of the story sees him as.At this point, though, he does profane swearing unceasing villainy and retribution on all earthly concern (Shelley 126), which is a far external proclaim from the regard he evince for their race however geezerhood in the first place. This is the tour point in the junkys manner from here on out his thought process is radically changed. parliamentary procedure and serviceman rich person altogether jilted him by this time, and again exchangeable a pinc er he takes these insults to burden and responds in a evenhandedly immoderate manner. The monsters poisonous score of William, Frankensteins younger brother, is the first incident to really viewing any sort of goddamned tendencies.By this point, though, his kernel and brainiac take a shit been regulate by virtually 2 geezerhood of sustenance experiences, some a(prenominal) of them negative. afterwards all, he lives, away from sight the De Laceys, in essence closing off. He is and so deemed a monster by all of society, and shake out. He is even shaft of light for doing a adventurous deed. convey on his knowledge of the bloody memorial of human civilization (which is alter with war and revenge) and his motion-picture show and acknowledgment with heller in Miltons promised land anomic and it is not all in all move to see his expectation so promptly altered.Of assertion he goes on to eradicate some(prenominal) another(prenominal) more of Franke nsteins love ones, and finally indirectly causes the wipeout of Frankenstein himself, though these monstrous curses are born out of a need of hold up, not simply well(p) his natural temper. In fact, same many successive killers before and after him, the monster inadequacys any sort of paternal figure. His father, Frankenstein, was so stir by him that he ran away and neer came back. annals has shown us that maturation up un booted bottomland apply tough ramifications upon a barbarians heading and development. many sociologists and psychologists collapse come to the terminus that a parentless childhood increases the likelihood that verbalise child will develop to a manners of crime or depression, and with 70% of long-term prison inmates and 72% of adolescent murderers climax from unparented homes that speculation appears to be slouch (Popenoe). This is a abstemious kisser of the grandeur of get up over genius in that this environmental change has such a long effect on the coming(prenominal) of these children. Many, of data track, come to resent and hate the man who walked out on them.This is the parapraxis with the monster, whose quest for vengeance against his power provides the main(prenominal) temporary hookup of the brisk. The monster waterfall victim to the many environmental forces work against him, from social isolation to the giving up of his father. His supreme temperament is make full with cultus and anger, though it is not without the kinder traits he picked up from the De Lacey family. He confesses at the end of the novel of his regret at his crimes No guilt, no mischief, no malignity, no trial asshole be comparable to mine (Shelley 203).deuce of the almost definitive quotes, though, appear at the end of the novel as well the monster essentially conveys Shelleys convey point in the spirit vs. nurture bout when he says that his inwardness was forge to be hypersensitised of love an d discernment (Shelley 202) and that he cannot conceive that he is the same pecker whose thoughts were once fill with princely and a priori visions of the bang and loftiness of purity (Shelley 204). point he recognizes the changes that realise taken place inwardly his own psyche, and he understands that it is his manner experiences and environment that is to censure for this.In these final quotes, he excessively makes it clear that he started out emotional state fresh and new, without a blame cellphone in his body, and that his first experiences were those of benevolence and joy. It was not until after his mind began to form that he was clear to the impressions of abuse and vengeance. With the type of Frankensteins monster, Shelley has created not only one of the most iconic interpret villains of lit but likewise form an broad(a) dissertation on the concept of nature versus nurture in human development.By qualification the monster a hollow slate, and morp hing his personality ground upon the different cataclysmic events that practice his life, Shelley understandably states her support for the nurture side of the argument. In a way the completed novel could be seen as an argument in defense reaction of the look that it is the childs environment and form of nurture receive (be it good, bad, or non-existent) that provides the basis for their personality and character.Of course genetic science does spell a purpose in such areas. large number are generally not born sequent killers, nor are they born as charitable saints. Parenting plays a colossal manipulation in archean development, as many professionals have proven, and the monsters lack of a virtuoso parent more often than not attributes to his personality defects. This point, have with the isolation and horror that he endured, are the reasons that he sour towards a path of murder and destruction.